三、具体措施
Effective Measures
1. 成立国务院联防联控工作机制科研攻关组
人类同疫病较量最有力的武器就是科学技术，战胜大灾大疫离不开科学发展和技术创新。习近平在考察科研攻关工作时指出，防控新冠肺炎疫情斗争有两条战线，一条是疫情防控第一线，另一条就是科研和物资生产，两条战线要相互配合、并肩作战。
2020年1月20日，按照中共中央国务院决策部署，科技部、国家卫生健康委、发展改革委、教育部、财政部、农业农村部、海关总署、国家林草局、中国科学院、国家药监局、国家中医药局、中央军委后勤保障部等部门和单位迅速响应，成立国务院联防联控工作机制科研攻关组（简称“科研攻关组”），并成立以钟南山院士为组长、14位专家组成的科研攻关专家组，组织动员全国优势科研力量开展攻关。
科研攻关组围绕“可溯、可诊、可治、可防”的防控需求，主要开展四方面工作：一是确定科研主攻方向，即临床救治和药物、疫苗研发、检测技术和产品、病毒病原学和流行病学、动物模型构建等五大主攻方向；二是快速部署应急任务，启动科技攻关应急专项，组织跨学科、跨领域的科研团队，联合地方省市、动员社会和企业力量开展科技攻关和应急研发；三是与医疗救治组建立协同机制，加快阶段性研究成果在临床救治方面的快速应用；四是加强规范管理和服务，通过印发政策文件、出台指导意见等措施，确保科研攻关工作合法合规推进。
截至2月底，在中央决策部署下，全国科技界团结协作、争分夺秒，先后启动了四批共20个应急攻关项目，各主攻方向均取得阶段性进展，为打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战提供强大科技支撑。
The Scientific Research and Innovation Team Under the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council
Science and technology offers humanity the most powerful weapon to control disease, and scientific development and technological innovation are indispensable in curing diseases and fighting epidemics.
When inspecting relevant scientific R&D programs, Xi Jinping pointed out that there are two battle lines in the war against the coronavirus: epidemic prevention and control, and scientific research and equipment production. He urged the workers on these two battle linesto cooperate and fight side by side.
Following the decision and deployment made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the scientific research and innovation team under the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council (“Scientific Research and Innovation Team” for short) was established on January 20, including members from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the NHC, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the General Administration of Customs, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Medical Products Administration, the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Logistics Support Department of the Central Military Commission and other government departments and agencies. China’s COVID-19 Expert Team, headed by Academician Zhong Nanshan and composed of 14 experts, was also established to organize and lead scientific research faculties across the country to tackle key problems.
In line with the principle of “tracing the infection source, diagnosing the disease, curing the patients, and blocking the virus,” the Scientific Research and Innovation Team has mainly carried out work in four aspects: (1) to determine five major directions of scientific research – clinical treatment, drugs and vaccine research and development, detection technology and products, viral etiology and epidemiology, and animal model construction; (2) to deploy emergency tasks without delay, including launching emergency projects for tackling key scientific and technological problems, organizing cross-disciplinary and cross-domain research teams, carrying out scientific research and emergency R&D by collaborating with provincial and municipal government departments and enterprises; (3) to establish a cooperation mechanism with the medical treatment team to accelerate the application of phased research results in clinical treatment; and (4) to enhance procedure-based management and services, and ensure that scientific research follows the law and relevant regulations.
By the end of February, scientists and researchers across the country had worked together against the clock and started 20 emergency projects in four batches, and phased progress had been made in all major scientific research directions, providing strong support to the nation’s war on the epidemic.
2. 应收尽收、应治尽治
控制源头、切断传播途径，是传染病防控的治本之策。新冠肺炎疫情发生后，习近平多次作出重要指示，要求坚决做到应收尽收，全力做好救治工作，切实提高收治率和治愈率、降低感染率和病亡率。各省市相继出台措施，围绕筛查、转运、收治和治疗四个环节全面加强收治工作。
2020年1月26日，武汉市要求所有医院发热门诊24小时接诊，其中确诊和高度疑似新冠肺炎的患者，医院必须“应收尽收”，统一收治。2月17日，湖北省武汉市等疫情重点地区开展集中拉网式大排查，对“四类人员”进行清底摸排。各地根据防控救治需要，通过优化畅通收治转诊通道、改造扩容定点医院、增加医疗机构床位、优化诊疗方案等有效措施提高收治能力，取得积极效果。有关部门和机构开设线上求助通道，征集各地遇到就医困难的患者信息，助力应收尽收、应治尽治。
坚决做到应收尽收、应治尽治，是彻底战胜疫情的关键之举，也是落实“集中患者、集中专家、集中资源、集中救治”要求的重要原则，为推动疫情防控形势加速向好提供了坚实保障。
Admitting All Suspected and Confirmed Cases for Treatment
Controlling the source and cutting off the route of transmission are the fundamental measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, Xi Jinping has given instructions on many occasions, demanding all-out efforts to admit all suspected and confirmed cases for treatment, raise the hospital admission rate and the recovery rate, and lower the infection rate and the case fatality rate. Successively, various provinces and cities have adopted measures to comprehensively strengthen patients screening, transferring, hospital admission and treatment.
On January 26, 2020, Wuhan demanded that fever clinics of all hospitals must operate round the clock to admit all confirmed and highly suspected cases, and put them together for treatment. On February 17, Wuhan and other regions in Hubei that were severely hit by the epidemic launched massive dragnet screening of potential virus carriers to get accurate information about the four groups of people (confirmed cases, suspected cases, febrile patients and close contacts).
Various localities have taken effective measures to raise the hospital admission and treatment capability, such as optimizing patient transfer channel, rebuilding and expanding designated hospitals, increasing beds in medical institutions, and improving diagnosis and treatment plans. Effective results have been accomplished. Relevant government departments and institutions have opened online channels to collect information from patients who have difficulties in seeking medical assistance, and help them get into hospitals for treatment as soon as possible.
Admitting all suspected and confirmed cases to hospital is key to thoroughly defeating the epidemic. It echoes the guiding principle of “treating the infected in dedicated facilities by senior medical professionals from all over the country and with all necessary resources,” and has provided a solid guarantee for creating positive effects in epidemic prevention and control.
3. 中西医并用
在2020年1月25日召开的中共中央政治局常委会专题会议上，习近平强调，要不断完善诊疗方案，坚持中西医结合。
中医和西医是在不同社会文化背景下发展起来的两种医学体系，在应对疾病方面各有所长：西医强于病毒鉴定、相关药物和疫苗研制、危重患者生命支持等，而中医则在调控机体、辩证施治、增强对疫病的抵抗力等方面拥有丰富独到的经验。“中西医并用”疗法曾在2003年抗击非典期间取得良好效果。
在新冠肺炎疫情防控中，国家卫生健康委和国家中医药管理局于2月21日联合发布《关于在新冠肺炎等传染病防治工作中建立健全中西医协作机制的通知》，要求各地建立健全中西医协作机制，强化中西医联合会诊制度，促进中医药深度介入诊疗的全过程。国家中医药管理局及时派出专家前往武汉指导中医辨证治疗，并总结临床救治经验，将优化调整后的中医治疗方案纳入国家卫健委印发的诊疗方案。各地也积极组织中医药精锐力量驰援武汉。截至2月21日，国家中医药管理局和28个省（区、市）630多家中医医院共派出近3200名医务人员支援湖北，全国中医药参与救治的确诊病例已经超过6万例，占比达85%，中西医结合治疗效果明显。
中西医优势互补、相互促进，共同维护和增进民众健康，这已经成为中国特色医药卫生和健康事业的重要特征和优势。
Combined Use of TCM and Western Medicine
Xi Jinping proposed constant improvement of the diagnosis and treatment plans and combined use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine at the meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held on January 25, 2020.
Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine are two kinds of medical systems developed under different social and cultural backgrounds, and each has its own advantages in dealing with diseases. Western medicine is better in virus identification, development of relevant drugs and vaccines, and providing life support for critically ill patients. Traditional Chinese medicine has rich and unique experiences in regulating the human body, dialectical therapy, and enhancing resistance to epidemics and diseases. The practice of “combined use of TCM and Western medicine” had achieved good effects during China’s fight against SARS in 2003.
The NHC and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM) jointly issued a notice on February 21, requiring all localities to establish a cooperation mechanism of TCM and Western medicine, apply joint consultation by doctors practicing TCM and Western medicine, and promote in-depth intervention of TCM in the whole process of diagnosis and treatment.
The NATCM has dispatched a group of experts to Wuhan to guide TCM treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The experts also summed up the clinical experience and incorporated the optimized TCM treatment plan into the guidelines on diagnosis and treatment released by the NHC. Various localities have also organized elite TCM forces to assist Wuhan.
By February 21, the NATCM and more than 630 TCM hospitals in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) had sent nearly 3,200 medical staff to support Hubei. More than 60,000 or 85% of the confirmed cases had been treated by TCM nationwide, showing obvious therapeutic effects of combined use of TCM and Western medicine.
By drawing strength from each other and putting them into combined use, TCM and Western medicine are able to jointly maintain public health. It is also one major feature and prominent strength of China’s medical and health system.
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