四、专有词汇
About COVID-19
1. 新型冠状病毒肺炎
2019年12月以来，湖北省武汉市陆续发现多例不明原因肺炎病例，经检测结果显示冠状病毒核酸阳性，而后证实这是一种由新型动物源性病毒致发的疾病。2020年2月8日，国家卫生健康委将“新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎”暂命名为“新型冠状病毒肺炎”，简称“新冠肺炎”。2月11日，世界卫生组织发布疫情报告，将此次由新型冠状病毒引发的疾病正式命名为“COVID-19”。对于新冠肺炎，人群普遍缺乏免疫力，自我保护措施包括保持手部和呼吸道卫生、坚持安全饮食习惯、尽可能避免与任何表现出有呼吸道疾病症状的人密切接触等。
COVID-19
In December 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown cause were found in Wuhan, Hubei province. Nucleic acid testing came back with positive results for the coronavirus, and it was later confirmed that the disease was caused by a new type of zoonotic virus. On February 8, 2020, the NHC temporarily named the disease “novel coronavirus pneumonia.” On February 11, the WHO released a situation report and officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as “COVID-19.”
There is no known pre-existing immunity in humans, and self-protective measures include maintaining hand and respiratory hygiene, adhering to safe eating habits, and avoiding close contact with anyone who shows symptoms of respiratory diseases as far as possible.
2. “三个首次”
2020年2月18日，国家卫生健康委发布报告称，2月17日全国单日新增确诊病例首次降至2000例以内，湖北省外单日新增确诊病例首次降至100例以内，全国单日新增死亡病例首次降至100例以内，实现了“三个首次”，疫情形势出现向好变化。
随着全国各地防控措施逐步落实，疫情防控效果凸显。2月18日，全国新增治愈出院人数超过新增确诊人数，首次实现“出大于入”。同时，全国除湖北以外地区新增确诊病例数连续15日下降，较高点降幅达94%。据国家卫生健康委统计，2月24日，全国23个省份及新疆生产建设兵团实现零新增确诊病例。但“零增长”绝不意味着疫情“零风险”。在全国疫情拐点尚未到来的攻坚阶段，容不得一丝松懈，需要继续巩固防控成果，抓好重症病例的救治工作，最大程度防范轻症转重症，提高治愈率。
“For the First Time” in Three Aspects
On February 18, the NHC released a report announcing “for the first time” in three aspects: On February 17, the number of newly confirmed cases across the country for the first time dropped to below 2,000 in a single day, the number of newly confirmed cases outside Hubei province for the first time dropped to below 100 in a single day, and the number of new deaths in the whole country for the first time dropped to below 100 in a single day. These indicated that the whole situation was getting better.
On February 18, the number of newly cured and discharged patients across the country exceeded that of newly confirmed cases, marking a fourth “for the first time.” The number of newly confirmed cases in other areas except Hubei had kept decreasing for 15 days in a row, with a staggering 94% drop from the peak.
According to the NHC, there was none newly confirmed case in 23 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps on February 24. Nevertheless, “zero increase” does not mean “zero risk.” In the critical stage when the national epidemic inflection point has not yet arrived, there is no room for a trace of slackness. The whole country need to consolidate the progress, ensure effective treatment of severe cases, exert every effort to prevent deterioration from mild to severe cases, and improve the recovery rate.
3.《中国—世界卫生组织新型冠状病毒肺炎联合考察报告》
为了迅速就中国及国际社会如何进一步应对新冠肺炎疫情提供信息，并为尚未受疫情影响的国家和地区如何做好应对准备提出意见，来自8个国家和世卫组织的25名中外专家，在中国进行了为期9天的调研，形成《中国—世界卫生组织新型冠状病毒肺炎联合考察报告》。报告于2020年2月29日由中国国家卫生健康委正式发布。
报告主要包括考察组、主要发现、评估和主要建议等四个方面内容。报告指出，新冠肺炎病毒是一种动物源性病毒，在无防护下通过飞沫和密切接触传播，人群普遍缺乏免疫力。报告高度评价中国在疫情防控方面所做的工作，充分肯定中国政府采取的历史上最勇敢、最灵活、最积极的防控措施，认为这些措施有效遏制了病原体的迅速蔓延，改变了疫情快速扩散流行的危险进程，为全球应对新冠肺炎提供了重要经验。报告建议，尚未受疫情影响的国家应做好随时启动最高级别应急响应机制的准备，加强对新冠肺炎的检测，采取更加严格的防控措施等。报告强调，国际社会应充分认识到各国之间真正的团结与合作对于解决新冠肺炎的共同威胁至关重要。
Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on COVID-19
To provide timely information on how China and the international community should further respond to the COVID-19 epidemic, and to offer proposals on how countries and regions that have not yet been affected by the epidemic should prepare, 25 Chinese and foreign experts from eight countries and the WHO conducted a nine-day mission in China and finished the Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was officially released by the NHC on February 29, 2020.
The report consists of four parts: the joint mission itself, major findings, assessment, and major recommendations. It points out that COVID-19 is a zoonotic virus that is transmitted via droplets and fomites during close unprotected contact between an infector and infectee, and there is no known pre-existing immunity in humans.
The report speaks highly of China’s efforts in epidemic prevention and control, fully affirms that China has rolled out perhaps the most ambitious, agile and aggressive disease containment effort in history. It holds that China’s bold approach has contained the rapid spread of the pathogen, changed the course of a rapidly escalating and deadly epidemic, and provided vital lessons for the global response to the COVID-19 epidemic.
The report recommends that countries that have not yet been affected to get prepared to immediately activate the highest level of emergency response mechanisms, immediately enhance surveillance for COVID-19, and enforce rigorous application of infection prevention and control measures. The report also stresses that the international community should recognize that true solidarity and collaboration is essential between nations to tackle the common threat that COVID-19 represents.
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